I’ve Had My Baby - Now What?: Breastfeeding During the First Week

Originally published on Jan 24, 2014; Revised Feb 22, 2025

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

Welcome to our new series, I’ve Had My Baby - Now What?  This is a guide with basic information to help you navigate the first days, weeks, and months of chest/breastfeeding your new baby.  

Today we would like to talk about that first week after your baby has arrived.  Chest/breastfeeding can often seem overwhelming and  unfamiliar.  New parents often receive a *huge* amount of differing advice from many well-intentioned people, which can be incredibly confusing and discouraging.  Below is a quick guideline to what “normal” chest/breastfeeding looks like, as well as some examples of when things aren’t going as they should and when you might want to seek help.

ABOUT SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges.  SDBFC offers a wide range of one-on-one breastfeeding, infant feeding, and nutrition consultations - as well as classes, support groups, online articles, and social media - making it your one-stop-shop for all things infant feeding!

How often should my new baby be eating and how long should each feeding take?

A newborn needs to feed 8 or more times in 24 hours.  It’s especially important in the early days to feed your baby “on demand”, or whenever the baby shows signs of hunger, regardless of when baby ate last.  If your baby is not asking to eat every 2-3 hours, or 8 or more times in 24 hours, it is important to wake the baby to feed him/her, until they have regained their birth weight.  A feeding session typically takes approximately 30-45 minutes, and both breasts should be offered during this time.  It’s important to keep the baby actively feeding during those 30-45 minutes.

How do I know my baby is getting enough milk?

A great way to be sure baby is getting enough breastmilk is to keep a physical log of all feedings (start time and length), as well as all pees and poops. A baby who is taking enough milk will be feeding 8 or more times in 24 hours, for 30-45 minutes, and having 1 pee diaper and 1 poop diaper per day of life, until day 5.  For example, on day 1, baby should be having 1 pee and 1 poop diaper, day 2, 2 of each, etc.  After day 5, baby should be having 5 or so of each per day.  A baby who is getting enough should be satisfied for approximately an hour or two after feeding.  However, most babies will cluster feed for a 4-5 hour period during the day, when they may want to eat more frequently.  This is normal baby behavior!

How much milk does my baby actually need?

A baby needs very little milk per feeding during their first few days of life.  This is because they’re born full of meconium, which are those first few poops.  This is a perfect fit for you, as your first milk, colostrum, is low in volume.  The small amount you make is just the right amount for your baby.  The amount your baby needs slowly increases, and as your milk makes the transition from the low volume colostrum, to the higher volume mature milk between day 3 and day 5, your baby’s needs go up as well.  Nature works beautifully!

I need to supplement my baby, what are my options?

Sometimes, a baby may need to be supplemented with additional milk.  There are many reasons for this - a baby has jaundice,  is not latching well, there is a delay in the parent’s milk “coming in”, etc.  When supplementation is necessary, it’s important to remember that you can use your own pumped milk.  If you aren’t able to pump the amount you need, you can use donor milk instead.  Formula is the last resort option.  There are various methods to supplement your baby as well.  You can supplement your baby at your chest/breast using a supplemental nursing system, you can finger feed your baby, or cup/spoon feed your baby.  A slow flow bottle is always an option as well and a lactation consultant can show you how to feed your baby a bottle in a chest/breastfeeding-friendly manner.

Holy moly,  my boobs are like rocks!  They hurt and I can’t get baby latched on, what can I do?

As  your milk transitions from the low volume first milk, to the higher volume mature milk, it is common for your chest/breasts to feel full and sometimes experience engorgement.  Engorgement occurs when the chest/breasts fill up with so much milk that they become hard and  uncomfortable.  It can sometimes be difficult to get the milk flowing and baby sometimes has a hard time latching on.  

Some tricks to latch your baby on during this time are:

• Pump or hand express for a few moments before latching your baby to soften your chest/breasts and get milk moving

• Use warm compresses or take a shower just before feeding

• Use cold compresses in between feedings to reduce inflammation.  

  If you still  feel incredibly uncomfortable after your baby feeds, you can pump or hand express some additional milk - but it is important to only pump to comfort as you don’t want to send the message to your body to make even more milk.  

  Please be aware that if you begin to run a high fever, have flu-like symptoms, and hot or red spots on your chest/breast, you may be developing a breast infection (mastitis) and it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.  

Why do my nipples hurt and what can I do to heal them?

It’s normal for all parents to feel some initial nipple tenderness and discomfort in the first days and weeks of chest/breastfeeding.  Anything beyond tenderness is a sign that something may not be going right, especially if there is any tissue breakdown, damage, cracks or bleeding.  If you experience any of these, please seek the help of a lactation consultant.  Great healing items are organic coconut oil and hydrogels, or soothing gels, sold by many different companies and available at big box stores.  The best prevention for sore nipples is a good latch. If you are having trouble finding a correct latch, give us a call!

When should I seek help?

There may be times when things aren’t going the way they should.  Our IBCLCs can absolutely help you with all of this!  Some signs that you might need some additional help:

• Damaged/cracked/bleeding nipples.

• Baby isn’t gaining weight/parent’s milk hasn’t “come in” by day 5.

• You suspect your baby is tongue-tied.

• Baby isn’t peeing or stooling the amount that they should.

• Breast infection/Breast abscess

• Oversupply

• Extremely fussy/gassy baby

If you’re unsure about your baby’s latch, milk intake, or feeding patterns, know that you’re not alone—we’re here to help!

The first week of breastfeeding comes with many changes, and it’s completely normal to have questions or concerns along the way. Whether you need guidance on positioning, reassurance about your baby’s feeding cues, or support with any challenges that arise, our team is here to provide the care and expertise you deserve. Schedule a one-on-one appointment (consider a virtual appointment, if you don’t live in San Diego!) with one of our lactation consultants for personalized care and expert advice tailored to your baby’s unique needs.

SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.

Is My Baby Getting Enough Milk? A Guide to Breastmilk Intake For the First Year

Published on February 22, 2025

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

One of the most common questions we get asked by clients is, “How much breastmilk does my baby need?” Whether your baby is breastfed, bottle-fed, or combination-fed, their breastmilk (and/or formula) intake stays fairly consistent during the first six months. However, after solids are introduced, it can get a bit confusing to determine how much milk they still need. 

To help clear up the confusion, we’ve put together this month-by-month guide so you can feel confident about your baby’s nutritional needs throughout their first year.

ABOUT SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges.  SDBFC offers a wide range of one-on-one breastfeeding, infant feeding, and nutrition consultations - as well as classes, support groups, online articles, and social media - making it your one-stop-shop for all things infant feeding!

Month-by-Month Breastmilk Intake Guide

While every baby is unique, their milk intake generally follows a predictable pattern during the first year. These patterns are based on factors like age, weight, growth spurts, and the introduction of solid foods. In the newborn stage, babies eat frequently as their tiny stomachs grow and adjust. By a few months old, their feedings become more efficient and predictable. Around six months, solids are introduced, but breastmilk or formula remains their primary source of nutrition. As babies near their first birthday, they gradually rely more on solid foods, though milk is still an essential part of their diet.

0-2 weeks (what to expect)

• Small stomach capacity and frequent feedings (8-12 times per day).

• Milk increases drastically over the first 2 weeks 

• Average intake (on average): 

• Week 1: 5ml/feeding for Day 1; 10-15ml/feeding for Day 2; 15-30ml/feeding Day 3; 30-45ml/feeding Days 4-7

• Week 2: 60ml/feeding Days 8-10; 60-90ml/feeding Days 11-14

Additional blog articles about this stage:

I’ve Had My Baby - Now What? Breastfeeding During the First Week

I’ve Had My Baby - Now What? Breastfeeding During the Second Week

2 weeks - 12 weeks (what to expect)

• Increased milk production and more predictable feeding patterns - Roughly every 3 hours during the day, cluster feeding in the evening, and then starting to get longer stretches in the middle of the night.

• Growth spurts around 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months - more cluster feeding and less sleeping for a few days.

• Average intake (based on weight).  Divide the total daily amount by the number of feedings to figure out how much baby needs per feeding.

• 6lbs - 16oz-20oz per day

• 7lbs - 18oz-22oz per day

• 8lbs - 20oz-24oz per day

• 9lbs - 22oz-26oz per day

• 10lbs - 24oz-28oz per day

• 11lbs - 26oz-30oz per day

• 12lbs - 28oz-32oz per day

• 13lbs+ - 30oz-32oz per day

Additional blog articles about this stage:

I’ve Had My Baby - Now What? Breastfeeding During the Weeks 3-6

I’ve Had My Baby - Now What? Breastfeeding During Months 2-6

3-6 Months (what to expect)

• Quicker chest/breastfeeding and bottle feeding sessions - babies are no nonsense with feeding.  They are more efficient and are very interested in everything that is going on around them.

• Potentially distracted while feeding during the day, which may cause them to wake more at night to feed.  

• Average milk (and/or formula) intake continues to be based on the baby's weight: same as above.

Additional blog articles about this stage:

I’ve Had My Baby - Now What? Breastfeeding During Months 2-6

6-9 Months (what to expect)

• Introduction of solid foods, but breast milk (and/or formula) remains primary nutrition

• Average milk (and/or formula) intake continues to be based on the baby's weight: same as above.

Additional blog articles about this stage:

Breastfeeding the Older Baby - What to Expect at 6-9 months

9-12 Months (what to expect)

• Increased independence with solids and possible decrease in nursing frequency

• As babies increase their solids frequency and intake amount, the amount of breastmilk (and/or formula) starts to decrease

• Average intake: 24 oz/day, decreasing slowly to about 12oz/day by 12 months (if the baby is eating 3 full meals with snacks by this age)

• Since breastmilk (or formula) intake varies based on solid food consumption, monitoring your baby's weight can help guide you to determine their milk needs. On average, babies gain 2-3 oz per week at this stage.

Additional blog articles about this stage:

Breastfeeding the Older Baby - What to Expect at 9-12 months

If you’re feeling unsure about how much breastmilk (and/or formula) your baby needs or how to balance breastfeeding/chestfeeding with solids, you’re not alone—we’re here to help!

As your baby grows, their milk intake and feeding patterns will continue to evolve, but you don’t have to navigate these changes alone. Whether you’re wondering if your baby is getting enough milk, adjusting to the introduction of solids, or trying to find the right balance between nursing and bottle-feeding, we’re here to support you. Schedule a one-on-one appointment (consider a virtual appointment, if you don’t live in San Diego!) with one of our lactation consultants for personalized care and expert advice tailored to your baby’s unique needs.

SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.

I’ve Had My Baby - Now What? Breastfeeding During months 2 through 6.

Originally published on June 24, 2014; Revised Feb 22, 2025

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

Welcome back to our series, I’ve Had My Baby - Now What?  

Today, let’s talk about what chest/breastfeeding looks like during months 2 through 6. By now, you and your baby have gotten to know each other, and feeding is likely feeling more familiar. This stage brings exciting changes—longer stretches between feedings, more efficient nursing, and a growing baby who is becoming more interactive. But with these changes, you might also have questions about milk supply, feeding routines, or what’s normal as your baby becomes more active. Below, we’ll explore what to expect during this stage, how to adapt to your baby’s evolving needs, and when to seek support if you need it. 

ABOUT SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges.  SDBFC offers a wide range of one-on-one breastfeeding, infant feeding, and nutrition consultations - as well as classes, support groups, online articles, and social media - making it your one-stop-shop for all things infant feeding!

What does normal chest/breastfeeding look like in months 2-6?  How often should my baby be eating, and how long should feedings take?

This can vary from baby to baby - the most important thing is that your baby is having lots of wet and dirty diapers and gaining weight appropriately.  Some babies may have started taking in more at each feeding, and spacing them out more, while some may still be eating every 2-3 hours.  If you’re lucky, your baby may have dropped a feeding or two at night, and may make up for it during the day.  Other babies become much more distracted during daytime feedings around 4 months, so continuing those nighttime feedings are crucial for baby to get enough over a 24 hour period.

How much weight should my baby be gaining at this age? Is their weight gain expected to slow during this time?

Around 4 months, babies weight gain does start to slow down.  Up until 4 months, babies should be gaining about 6-8 ounces per week.  At 4 months, this drops to 4-5 oz per week, and then again at 6 months, when we expect baby to gain about 2-3oz per week.  This is important for parents to know so that they don’t worry if they see their baby’s weight gain slow around 4 months of age.  Make sure that your pediatrician is using the WHO charts for weight gain, which is for chest/breastfed babies.  

Suddenly my baby seems too distracted to eat!  Is this normal, and what can I do to get my baby to feed better?

At around 4 months of age, babies start to learn that there is a whole big world out there - and suddenly, *everything* is more exciting than chest/breastfeeding!  Dogs barking, a ceiling fan, someone else in the room. Some ways to help your baby focus while nursing are:

• Feed baby in a quiet and dark room

• Nurse in a carrier

• Let your baby play with something soft and crinkly while nursing.  

  Also, this is definitely NOT a time to start night weaning or sleep training, as these distracted kiddos often need those nighttime feedings to keep gaining weight appropriately.  Also, it’s important to remember that this is really normal behavior - and usually fades around 6 months of age.

I’m getting ready to go back to work - how can I make sure that I’ll be able to pump what my baby needs when I’m away from him/her?

This can be a stressful time for nursing parents - there are definitely some things you can do to help protect your chest/breastfeeding relationship when you return to work.

• Know your rights! Federal law protects your right to pump at work for a reasonable amount of time and in a private space.  

• Do some research ahead of time and talk to your human resources department - find out where the pumping area is, how close it is to your desk or workspace, what equipment you’ll need.  

• Talk to your caregiver about paced bottle feeding and how much milk your baby actually needs per bottle

• Read up on ways to help maximize your output while you’re pumping at work.

My baby still wakes often to eat at night, even at 6 months of age - is this normal behavior?

It is absolutely normal behavior!  By this stage, babies may be sleeping for longer stretches in the first part of the night, but may still wake after that to feed.  By this age, a baby needs anywhere from 28-32 oz in 24 hours and if your baby is too distracted to feed well during the day, they may wake more at night to make up for it.  If you hear your baby gulping during feedings at night, or your baby won’t settle without nursing, it is very likely that they still need the feedings throughout the night.  If the frequent wakings are taking a toll on your mental sanity, co-sleeping and side-lying chest/breastfeeding are great ways to get some extra rest.  If you are uncomfortable with co-sleeping, you can set your alarm for 15 minutes after beginning to chest/breastfeed your baby, and then wake up and place your baby back into their own bed.  If your baby is waking up *very* frequently, every hour, and is very uncomfortable and difficult to soothe, it could be something else that’s causing the restlessness - possibly gut discomfort and/or a sensitivity to something in your diet. Definitely reach out to us for assistance!

My 4-month-old baby will not sleep!  What’s happened to my baby that used to sleep??

The 4-month-sleep regression is a real thing and can wreak havoc on a mom’s sanity.  At 4 months, babies are going through huge developmental milestones.  They have suddenly become aware of all that is going on around them and their excitement about this can interrupt their sleep.  It’s important to keep in mind that this is temporary stage, you will sleep again…. we promise!

My baby is approaching 6 months and I’m starting to think about solids.  How will I know that my baby is ready?

It is definitely recommended to wait until your baby is at least six months of age before offering solid foods – even longer if your baby doesn’t seem ready.  Some of the signs of readiness are being able to sit up on their own unassisted and losing their tongue thrust reflex, so that they don’t automatically push food out of their mouth.  Another sign is when the baby has developed their “pincer grasp”, which is when they can use their fingers to pick up objects.

When I do start solids, what is an appropriate amount to start out with?

Your baby will need a very small amount at the beginning - only about a tablespoon once per day.  The first food doesn’t have to be a grain cereal, either - as many doctors have previously recommended.  Avocados are a perfect first food for your baby.  Remember the saying “food before one is just for fun” – your baby should be getting their total nutrition from your milk (and/or formula) – so the solids you offer them now are just for practice.   As the baby gets older, you can start to add in additional meals and snacks.

How can I be sure that my milk supply won’t suffer once I start feeding my baby solids?

The rule for solids is always – milk first, then food.  You should always chest/breastfeed first and then offer your baby solids.  You want to be sure that baby is still taking a full feeding at chest/breast to both ensure he/she is getting all the calories and nutrition he/she needs, as well as maintaining your milk supply.  If you start to replace chest/breastfeeding sessions with solid meals, you most likely will notice a dip in your supply.

Struggling with your 2-6mo baby’s distracted feedings, frequent night waking, or slow weight gain? We’ve got you covered!

It can be incredibly frustrating when you're unsure if your baby is getting enough milk, especially when dealing with feeding distractions or interrupted sleep. If you're concerned about your baby’s growth, feeding patterns, or just need more confidence in your breastfeeding journey, we’re here to help. Schedule a one-on-one appointment (consider a virtual appointment, if you don’t live in San Diego!) with one of our lactation consultants for personalized care and expert advice tailored to your baby’s unique needs.

SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.

Breastfeeding the Older Baby: What to Expect at 9-12 Months

Originally published on May 1, 2016; Revised Feb 22, 2025

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

Welcome back to our blog series, Breastfeeding the Older Baby – What to Expect.

Today, let's talk about what to expect when chest/breastfeeding your older baby between 9 and 12 months. As your little one becomes more mobile and curious about the world, nursing can start to look a bit different—sometimes acrobatic, sometimes distracted, but still an important source of nourishment and comfort. Parents often wonder how breastmilk fits into their baby’s expanding diet and whether changes in feeding patterns are normal. Below, we’ll explore what to expect during this stage, what’s typical, and when you might want to reach out for support.

ABOUT SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges.  SDBFC offers a wide range of one-on-one breastfeeding, infant feeding, and nutrition consultations - as well as classes, support groups, online articles, and social media - making it your one-stop-shop for all things infant feeding!

What does chest/breastfeeding look like in months 9-12? How often should my baby be eating and how long should feedings take?

Breastmilk (and/or formula) continues to be your baby’s primary source of nutrition until his/her first birthday. Some babies will continue to space out their nursing sessions as they approach this milestone birthday, nursing 4-5 times during the day, and once or more during the night. As your little one begins to explore the tastes and textures of more solid foods and consume more of them at each sitting,  you may notice your little one beginning to nurse less frequently in response to their increased intake of solid foods. As long as your baby is continuing to have five or more wet diapers each day, gains an average of 2-3oz per week, and seems satisfied and content after nursing sessions, then your little one is most likely getting enough nutrition while chest/breastfeeding.

 

When will my baby begin to drop his/her nighttime feeding sessions and sleep through the night?

Such a great question, and one that’s frequently on parents’ minds! When will my baby sleep longer at night? The short answer is - every baby is different. Babies wake throughout the night for varying reasons, including hunger, a need for comfort, a disruption in their sleep cycle, a need for a diaper change, sickness, teething, etc. Chest/breastfeeding often meets more than one of baby’s needs, so it’s easy to fall into the routine of nursing your little one back to sleep. There is absolutely nothing wrong with responding to your little one’s needs by nursing them! If you are happy with your nighttime routine, no need to make significant changes in order to cope with outside pressure and recommendations to “train” your baby to sleep longer at night. That being said, if you find yourself becoming frustrated with nighttime wakings and overtired during the day due to lack of sleep at night, then it might be time to take a closer look at your nighttime routine to make a plan for improving your quality of sleep.

I’ve heard people mention teaching chest/breastfeeding manners to older babies. How does that work?

It’s never too early to start teaching your little one age-appropriate manners. Just as we prompt our toddlers for “the magic word” when they ask for something, older babies can learn to be polite when chest/breastfeeding. Teaching your little one a few basic signs from American Sign Language can be very beneficial in setting the stage for chest/breastfeeding manners. The signs for milk, more, and please are fairly basic and many babies pick up on them quickly. Once your little one has mastered the sign for milk, you can calmly remind them to sign milk when hungry instead of pulling your shirt down or crying out in frustration. Positive reinforcement will go a long way to reinforce the idea that you would like baby to sign milk when hungry rather than clawing at your chest. Baby will also be calmer and happier, seeing you sign milk, showing them you hear and understand their need and are going to chest/breastfeed them soon.

 

My baby has been refusing to nurse, could he/she be self-weaning?

If your baby has been refusing to chest/breastfeed for several nursing sessions or days in a row, then it’s more likely that you and your little one are experiencing a nursing strike, rather than self-weaning. It is very uncommon for a baby to self-wean before their first birthday. As we have said before, babies need milk to be their primary source of nutrition right up until their first birthday. Also, self-weaning is usually a gradual process, where as a nursing strike is characterized by a sudden and complete disinterest and refusal to chest/breastfeed. Nursing strikes are common in older babies and can be in response to teething, distraction, illness, bottle-preference, and other developmental milestones. Tips for surviving a nursing strike and encouraging baby to nurse again are:

• Always offer breastmilk before any solids during baby’s first year of life. If baby won’t nurse, you can offer baby expressed milk in a sippy cup, to ensure baby’s nutritional needs are being met.

• Limit or eliminate bottles and pacifiers. Only use bottles when baby is separated from you and then put baby back to chest/breast when baby is with you.

• If distractibility seems to be playing a role in baby’s refusal to nurse, try wearing a nursing necklace to keep baby’s attention focused on nursing. You can also try giving baby a small toy to hold during feeding sessions, nursing in a quiet room, and nursing baby in a baby carrier.

If you feel your milk supply has decreased, and this has led to the nursing strike, then it is a good idea to make an appointment with a Lactation Consultant to come up with a chest/breastfeeding plan to help you increase your supply and meet baby’s needs moving forward.

If you’re wondering how breastfeeding will change as your baby becomes more independent, you’re in good company!

Every baby transitions through this stage a little differently, and it’s completely normal to have questions about nursing frequency, distracted feedings, or how breastmilk fits into your little one’s growing diet. Whether you need reassurance, tips for managing changes, or support in meeting your breastfeeding goals, we’re here to guide you every step of the way. Schedule a one-on-one appointment (consider a virtual appointment, if you don’t live in San Diego!) with one of our lactation consultants for personalized care and expert advice tailored to your baby’s unique needs.

SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

 About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.

Supporting Tricare Families Through Insurance Challenges: Introducing our Low-Cost Clinic

Published on February 10, 2025

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

At the San Diego Breastfeeding Center, we are dedicated to providing compassionate and expert care for families during their chest/breastfeeding journeys. It is with heavy hearts and sincere regret that we share an important update about our services.

Due to ongoing delays from TriWest in countersigning our contract, we are no longer able to provide insurance-covered appointments to Tricare families. This decision was not made lightly. We held out as long as we possibly could, hoping to avoid any gap in care. 

We deeply understand how difficult and frustrating this situation is for our military families, and we remain committed to supporting them through this transition.

Introducing SDBFC’s Low-Cost Clinic 

To help bridge this gap, we’ve added a low-cost clinic option for Tricare families. This affordable clinic is also available to families with insurance we do not accept, such as Kaiser, HMOs other than UCSD Managed Care, or MediCal, who may be unable to afford the cost of our one-on-one consultations.

Unlike our free support group, this clinic offers guidance from an IBCLC to provide a more in-depth and skilled assessment, as well as an individualized plan of care. 

These 90-minute sessions cost $49 and include:

• Oral exams (when needed)

• Weighted feeds

• Individualized care for latch, positioning, pain, and milk supply

Group size is limited to three families to ensure personalized attention.

Free Friday Support Group

We also continue to offer our free weekly support group led by Valori Sharp, our experienced lactation educator. This group provides general advice and weight checks in a supportive community setting.

Thank You for Your Understanding and Support

We are always looking for thoughtful ways to adapt and continue providing quality lactation care at accessible prices for our local San Diego families. The introduction of our new low-cost clinic has not only provided a much-needed solution for Tricare families but has also opened the door for many other local families with insurance we do not accept. 

Your family’s health and well-being remain our top priority, and we are proud to find creative solutions to support you.  We remain dedicated to serving you and advocating for better healthcare access for all families.

Due to their complex nature, all bottle feeding, pumping flange fittings, and functional nutrition appointments will only be available as private one-on-one consultations.

About SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges.  SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.

The Secret Link Between Liver Health and Milk Supply

Published: Jan 25, 2025

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

When we think about lactation, we often focus on the chest/breasts themselves, but did you know that the liver plays a central role in your body’s ability to produce milk? This powerhouse organ helps regulate hormones such as estrogen, androgens, and insulin—all of which play an important role in milk production. It also manages inflammation, ensuring that your body’s systems work in harmony. But disruptions in liver function—often linked to conditions like insulin resistance, PCOS, or leaky gut—can impact milk supply and make chest/breastfeeding more challenging.

Let’s explore the liver’s role in lactation, how insulin helps prepare your body during pregnancy and postpartum, and practical ways to support your liver and overall health for the most robust milk supply possible!

ABOUT SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges.  SDBFC offers a wide range of one-on-one breastfeeding, infant feeding, and nutrition consultations - as well as classes, support groups, online articles, and social media - making it your one-stop-shop for all things infant feeding!

Why Insulin is Important During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Insulin does more than regulate blood sugar; it’s also a critical hormone for lactation. During pregnancy, insulin helps build mammary gland tissue, laying the foundation for milk production. This is especially important in late pregnancy when your body prepares for making milk.

After birth, insulin sensitivity helps regulate prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production. If your insulin sensitivity is low—a common issue with conditions like PCOS or gestational diabetes—it can delay lactogenesis (the onset of milk production) or result in a lower milk supply. Ensuring optimal insulin function during pregnancy and postpartum is essential for a robust milk supply and positive chest/breastfeeding outcomes.

How PCOS and Insulin Resistance Impact Lactation

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance are common conditions that can significantly impact insulin sensitivity, liver function, and ultimately lactation. In PCOS, hormonal imbalances often lead to higher levels of androgens, which can interfere with ovulation and milk production. Additionally, insulin resistance—a hallmark of PCOS—can impair the liver’s ability to use insulin efficiently. This creates a feedback loop of heightened inflammation, poor blood sugar regulation, and disrupted hormone balance.

For chest/breastfeeding parents, these issues can delay or reduce milk supply. The liver’s role in processing insulin and hormones becomes even more critical in mitigating these effects. Supporting liver health can help break this cycle, improve hormonal regulation, and promote an easier lactation experience.

How to Support Liver and Gut Health for Lactation

The good news is that there are evidence-based strategies you can implement to support your liver’s function and improve insulin sensitivity. By making small, manageable changes to your diet and lifestyle, you can create a healthier foundation for lactation and overall well-being. If you’re unsure how to make these accommodations, working with a functional nutrition counselor, like Robin, can be a helpful step.

1.  Prioritize a Low-Carb, High-Fiber Diet

Your liver and gut are closely connected through the gut-liver axis, meaning that improving one often supports the other. Here are practical ways to nurture both:

• Focus on low-starch vegetables to support liver health and reduce blood sugar spikes.  These tend to be the veggies that grow above ground, like leafy greens, zucchini, and asparagus.

• Incorporate fiber-rich foods such as berries, flaxseeds, chia seeds, and non-starchy vegetables to promote gut health and improve insulin sensitivity.

• Minimize refined sugars and highly processed carbs that can contribute to insulin resistance.

• Include healthy fats like avocado, olive oil, and fatty fish to reduce inflammation and support hormone production.

2. Engage in Regular Physical Activity

• Activities like walking, yoga, or strength training improve insulin sensitivity, reduce systemic inflammation, and support the liver’s ability to metabolize fat and hormones.

• Aim for 20-30 minutes of moderate exercise most days, adjusting intensity based on how far along you are in your pregnancy and postpartum recovery stage.

• Focus on physical activities that you enjoy and look forward to, so it doesn’t feel like a chore.

• Incorporate your baby into physical activity, such as stroller walks, babywearing yoga, parent-and-me fitness classes, or hanging out on a playmat while you do a quick YouTube workout, so you don’t have to find childcare.

3. Consider Liver- and Gut-Supportive Herbs and Supplements

If you're currently using an herbal blend to support your milk supply, you may already be consuming some of these ingredients, as many herbs recommended for boosting milk supply also support liver function. (WOW, right?)

*** Before starting any new supplements, it's important to consult with someone who is knowledgeable about herbs and supplements—someone who can guide you on how they might interact with anything you're already taking, and help determine which ones are most suitable for your body.

• Milk thistle: Known for enhancing liver detoxification and repair.

• Turmeric: Contains curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and liver-protective effects.

• Artichoke extract: Promotes bile production and overall liver function.

• Collagen or bone broth: Helps repair the gut lining and supports gut health.

• L-glutamine: An amino acid that supports intestinal integrity and reduces gut inflammation.

4. Keep On Lactating

• Producing milk for at least six months significantly improves blood sugar levels and reduces the risk of insulin resistance long term. 

• Chest/breastfeeding not only benefits your baby but also promotes lasting metabolic health and supports your body’s hormonal balance during the postpartum period. 

• Additionally, lactating for longer than six months may help you build a more robust milk supply with each consecutive baby, setting the stage for smoother chest/breastfeeding experiences in the future.

Supporting Your Liver, Gut, and Hormones for a Robust Milk Supply

Taking care of your liver and gut health can be a gentle way to support your body in balancing hormones and managing inflammation—both of which play important roles in lactation. Small adjustments to your diet, movement, and supplements can have a meaningful impact on your milk supply and chest/breastfeeding experience.

If you're facing challenges with low milk production, please know that you're not alone. Every chest/breastfeeding journey is unique, and it’s okay to feel uncertain or frustrated at times. If you suspect underlying health concerns like PCOS, insulin resistance, or gut issues, making a functional nutrition appointment can be a helpful step toward understanding what’s going on and finding the support you need. Your body is doing its best, and with the right care and guidance, you can make progress toward the breastfeeding experience you hope for.

Ready to Support Your Milk Supply?

Whether you're pregnant and looking to become more insulin sensitive or postpartum and facing challenges with milk production, Robin Kaplan, Functional Nutrition Counselor, is here to help. Robin can guide you through personalized nutrition plans and gentle lifestyle adjustments to support your liver, gut, and hormones, optimizing your body's ability to produce milk and manage inflammation.

Reach out today to schedule your one-on-one appointment with Robin (consider a virtual appointment, if you don’t live in San Diego!) and take the next step toward a more nourishing and confident chest/breastfeeding experience. Your body’s potential is greater than you may think, and Robin’s compassionate, individualized care can help you unlock it.

SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.

Common Concerns While Breastfeeding - What is That Knot in My Breast?

Originally published on June 29, 2011; Revised Dec 30, 2024

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

Ever woken up from a deep sleep to find that an area of your chest/breast is tender, a little red, and pretty uncomfortable?  Upon further investigation, there may be a lump where the pain is radiating from?  How did this happen?  Should you be concerned?  In most cases, there is little need for concern.  Most likely, it is a pesky plugged (clogged) duct.  While this condition is often painful and frustrating, it’s usually manageable with some self-care and support.

So, what exactly are plugged (clogged) ducts, why do they happen, and what can you do to resolve them? Let’s break it down!

ABOUT SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges.  SDBFC offers a wide range of one-on-one breastfeeding, infant feeding, and nutrition consultations - as well as classes, support groups, online articles, and social media - making it your one-stop-shop for all things infant feeding!

Why Do Plugged Ducts Happen? 

There are several reasons why milk ducts can become plugged:

• Infrequent or Skipped Feedings: Skipping feedings/pumping sessions or your baby sleeping for a longer stretch than your chest/breasts are used to can cause milk stasis. Milk stasis refers to a condition where milk is not effectively removed from the chest/breast, causing it to accumulate and remain stagnant in the milk ducts. This stagnation can lead to increased pressure, inflammation, and eventually a plugged duct if not addressed promptly.  

• Pump inefficiency: Using an incorrect flange size or a pump that doesn’t effectively remove your milk can increase your chances of a plugged duct

• Poor Latch: If your baby is having latching difficulties, milk may not be efficiently removed.

• Pressure on the Chest/Breast: Underwire bras, tight clothing, or even sleeping in certain positions can sometimes contribute to clogged ducts.

• Stress, Fatigue, or Illness: Lack of sleep, emotional stress, or getting sick can all impact milk flow and immunity.

How to Resolve Plugged Ducts 

The good news is that most plugged ducts can be resolved with some simple strategies:

1. Frequent and Effective Nursing or Pumping: Feed your baby often, starting on the affected side, or pump at regular, frequent intervals.

2. Ensure Proper Pump Fit and Technique: Make sure you're using the correct flange size for your pump and watch reliable YouTube tutorials on optimal pumping techniques to ensure effective milk removal.

3. Gentle Chest/Breast Massage: Apply gentle compressions while feeding/pumping to help move the blockage. Use your fingertips to apply light, circular motions starting from the outside of the chest/breast and moving toward the nipple. Avoid deep or aggressive massage, as this can worsen inflammation and discomfort.  Therapeutic breast massage can also be very helpful.

4. Dangle Feeding: Lean over your baby while nursing to let gravity assist in clearing the duct.

5. Cold Compresses: Apply cold compresses (like frozen peas) to the swollen area for 20 minutes in between feedings to help reduce swelling. 

6. Self-Care: Rest, stay hydrated, and eat immune-supporting foods to help minimize inflammation. (Check out last month’s blog post about boosting your immune system!)

What If Plugged Ducts Keep Happening? 

If plugged ducts become a recurring issue, it’s time to dig deeper:

• Meet with a Lactation Consultant: SDBFC’s lactation experts can help identify and resolve the root cause. This can range from addressing tongue/lip ties, troubleshooting your pump situation, or diving into your medical history to determine what’s causing chronic chest/breast inflammation.

• Choline Supplementation: Incorporating choline can help disperse milk's fat particles more evenly, preventing them from clumping together and forming clogs. Starting recommended dosage is 500mg/day and can be increased, if necessary.

• Therapeutic Ultrasound: Therapeutic ultrasound helps clear plugged ducts by using high-frequency sound waves to generate gentle heat within the chest/breast tissue, which can effectively break down milk blockages, increase blood flow to the area, and promote milk flow through the ducts.

When to Seek Help 

If the lump doesn’t improve within 24-48 hours, or if you develop flu-like symptoms, fever, or increased redness and swelling, contact your lactation consultant or healthcare provider. These could be signs of mastitis, which may require additional recommendations or medical treatment. Check out our article on Mastitis for additional remedies/treatments.

If you still have questions about remedying plugged (clogged) ducts, we are just a consult away!

Plugged ducts can be a painful (temporary) interruption in your chest/breastfeeding journey, but with early intervention and proper care, they’re usually resolved quickly. Don’t hesitate to reach out to our lactation consultants if you need extra support. Schedule a one-on-one appointment (consider a virtual appointment, if you don’t live in San Diego!) with one of our lactation consultants for personalized care and expert advice tailored to your chest/breastfeeding and pumping journey. 

SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.

Immune Boosting Chicken Soup

Originally published on December 4, 2024

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

As the seasons change and sniffles become more common, many of us turn to tried-and-true remedies to ward off colds and flu. One of the most beloved comfort foods, chicken soup, has been a go-to for generations. But is there more to this comforting bowl than just tradition? Science says yes!

Chicken soup isn’t just a warm, nourishing meal—it’s packed with immune-boosting properties. Chicken meat is an excellent source of vitamin B-6, which supports essential chemical processes in the body. The broth, made from simmering chicken bones, provides gelatin and chondroitin, which help heal the gut and strengthen the immune system. Amino acids like L-glutamine and cysteine reduce inflammation, thins mucus, and reinforce the intestinal barrier, keeping your immune defenses strong!

Even the vegetables in chicken soup pull their weight! Carrots, celery, garlic, and onions are loaded with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help fight off colds and flu. Together, these ingredients make chicken soup a powerful, science-backed remedy for staying healthy during cold and flu season. Ready to whip up a pot? Let’s get cooking!

ABOUT SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges.  SDBFC offers a wide range of one-on-one breastfeeding, infant feeding, and nutrition consultations - as well as classes, support groups, online articles, and social media - making it your one-stop-shop for all things infant feeding!

Robin’s Immune Boosting Chicken Soup (Allergen-Free)

Ingredients for broth

2 tbsp olive oil

4 carrots, cut into bite size pieces

4 celery sticks, cut into bite size pieces

1 large yellow onion, chopped

6 garlic cloves, peeled and thinly sliced

2-3lbs bone-in, skin-on chicken thighs

1 cup of parsley, coarsely chopped

1 piece kombu (optional)

1  inch piece of peeled, whole ginger

Salt and pepper to taste

Ingredients for chicken soup

Shredded cooked chicken

4 carrots, cut into bite size pieces

4 parsnips, cut into bite size pieces

4 celery sticks, cut into bite size pieces

4 red potatoes, diced

Cooked noodles (optional) 

Directions 

1. Heat the olive oil in an 8 quart pot over medium heat.  Add the carrots, celery, onion, and garlic to the oil and sauté for about 5 minutes, softening the vegetables and keeping the garlic from burning

2. Add in chicken, parsley, kombu (if using), and ginger (if using)

3. Cover with water so that all of the ingredients are submerged.

4. Bring to a boil, reduce the heat to medium/low, cover, and simmer for about 45 minutes

5. Once cooked, remove the chicken and let it cool.

6. Remove the kombu and ginger, if using, and discard

7. At this point, you can either strain out all of the vegetables OR blend all of the vegetables with an immersion blender into the broth (my preferred method.  Makes the broth significantly more flavorful)

8. Season the broth with salt and pepper.

9. Remove the skin and bones from the cooled chicken, shred the chicken, and then place the shredded chicken back into the broth

10. Add in the ingredients for the chicken soup (carrots, parsnips, celery, and red potatoes) and simmer for 25 minutes, to soften the vegetables.

11. Before serving, add in cooked noodles (optional)

Soup will stay fresh in the refrigerator for up to 5 days and in the freezer for up to 3 months.

If meal planning feels like one more thing on your already full plate, we’re here to help!

Navigating meal planning while managing the unique nutritional needs of the perinatal period can feel overwhelming—but you don’t have to do it alone! If you’re looking for personalized guidance or need fresh, new recipe ideas that are easy to assemble and tailored to your postpartum journey, we’re just an appointment away! Schedule a functional nutrition consult today and let us help you create a meal plan that supports both you and your growing family.

SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.

Treating Cold and Flu Symptoms While Chest/Breastfeeding

Originally published on February 20, 2014; revised Oct 27, 2021

Revised November 25, 2024 

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

Caring for your little one while battling a cold or the flu can feel overwhelming. Not only are you juggling the demands of parenting while unwell, but you might also notice a slight dip in your milk supply due to your immune system working overtime or dehydration. Adding to the challenge, some over-the-counter medications can further reduce milk supply. So, what can you do to feel better while keeping chest/breastfeeding safe?

Let’s explore remedies and tips to help you recover while maintaining your milk supply. Also, for 25% off all recommended vitamins and supplements, check out our Fullscript Store!

ABOUT SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges.  SDBFC offers a wide range of one-on-one breastfeeding, infant feeding, and nutrition consultations - as well as classes, support groups, online articles, and social media - making it your one-stop-shop for all things infant feeding!

Boosting Your Immune System

The best defense against colds and flu is a strong immune system. Consider these daily practices to keep your lactating body resilient:

• Omega-3 Supplements: Omega-3s reduce inflammation and enhance immune function by helping white blood cells (your body's "Pac-Men") fight off invaders. Look for a high-quality supplement, such as Nordic Naturals Pro Omega, which tests for metal toxicity.

• Vitamin D3: Vitamin D3 supports infection-fighting cells and overall immune health. Taking 6,400 IU daily can ensure both you and your baby benefit, as 400 IU passes through breastmilk. Pair Vitamin D3 with K2 for better calcium absorption and cardiovascular support. One of my favorite brands is Pure Encapsulations (Vitamin D3 (4000iu) + K2 (100mcg))

• Probiotics: Probiotics promote healthy gut bacteria, reduce inflammation, and strengthen your body’s first line of defense against illness.  Our favorite probiotic is Klaire Labs Ther-biotic.

• Wholesome, Nutrient-Dense Meals: Reduce sugar intake and aim for balanced meals rich in vitamins and minerals. Batch cooking soups or stews can save time and ensure you always have something nourishing on hand.

Fighting Cold and Flu Symptoms

If you feel that dreaded tickle in your throat, acting quickly can make a big difference. Here’s what might help:

• Immune-Boosting Supplements: Vitamin C, zinc, elderberry, and echinacea are powerful allies in fighting colds. Start taking them at the first sign of symptoms. A few of our favorite brands are: Quicksilver Scientific Liposomal Vitamin C (1000mg); Klaire Labs Zinc Plus; Gaia Herbs Elderberry Syrup; and Sovereign Silver Bio-Active Silver Hydrosol Immune Fine Mist Spray

• Bone Broth: A warm, nutrient-rich beverage packed with vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that supports immune health and keeps you hydrated. Bone broth is easily found in most grocery stores and can also be made in a slow-cooker.  Here’s an easy bone broth recipe

• Fire Cider: This potent tonic made with garlic, ginger, lemon, and cayenne offers a natural immunity boost. Make a batch in advance so it’s ready when you need it.

Relieving Nasal Congestion

Congestion can be especially uncomfortable and make it more difficult to sleep. These remedies can provide some much-needed relief:

• Neti Pot: Flush out your nasal passages to reduce sinus pressure. Use a non-iodized salt solution, and follow this Neti Pot tutorial.

• Humidifier: A cool mist humidifier helps soothe nasal and chest congestion, especially while you rest.

• Nasal Spray: Saline sprays can relieve pressure and help clear mucus. One of our favorites is Xlear Xylitol and Saline Nasal Spray

• Avoid Dairy: Dairy can thicken mucus and worsen congestion, so consider limiting it until symptoms improve.

Soothing a Sore Throat and Cough

A scratchy throat and persistent cough can be miserable. Try these remedies to ease discomfort:

• Honey and Lemon Tea: Mix hot water with honey, lemon juice, and a slice of ginger for a soothing, immune-boosting drink.

• Saltwater Gargle: A warm mixture of 1tsp sea salt and 8oz water can help relieve throat pain and wash away irritants.  Gargle for 30 seconds at a time.

• Throat Coat Tea: Herbal teas containing slippery elm, marshmallow root, and licorice root can soothe and heal a sore throat.

• Cough Medications: If needed, opt for medications containing only dextromethorphan or guaifenesin, which are generally safe for breastfeeding.

Medications to Use With Caution

While natural remedies are ideal, you might need an over-the-counter medication for severe symptoms. Be mindful of the following ingredients, which could reduce your milk supply:

• Pseudoephedrine: Found in some decongestants, this can dry up mucus—and potentially affect your milk supply.

• Menthol Cough Drops: Excess menthol may lower milk supply, so use sparingly.

For more information about safe cold and flu remedies while breastfeeding, check out this helpful resource: KellyMom’s Guide to Cold Remedies.

With the right care and precautions, you can recover from a cold or flu without compromising your breastfeeding journey. Take it one step at a time—and don’t forget to ask for help when you need it!

If you still have questions about breastfeeding/chestfeeding while fighting off an illness, we are just a consult away!

Recovering from a cold or flu while chest/breastfeeding doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By prioritizing immune-boosting habits, staying hydrated, and choosing remedies that are safe for both you and your milk supply, you can navigate this challenging time with confidence. If you have further questions about managing cold/flu symptoms while chest/breastfeeding or need guidance on maintaining/increasing your milk supply, the San Diego Breastfeeding Center is here to support you. Schedule a one-on-one appointment (consider a virtual appointment, if you are still sick!) with one of our lactation consultants for personalized care and expert advice tailored to your breastfeeding journey.  Also, for 25% off all vitamins and supplements, check out our Fullscript Store!

SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.

Next week, we’ll explore strategies for protecting your milk supply when your baby is under the weather!

On-Demand vs. Scheduled Feeding: Which is Best for Baby?

Originally published on Dec 9, 2014; Revised Nov 10, 2024 

Author: Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC, FNC

When it comes to chest/breastfeeding, parents often wonder whether on-demand feeding (also known as on-cue feeding) or scheduled feeding is best for their baby’s growth and well-being.

We get asked this question in our clinic all of the time!  Parents hear a lot of differing information about when to feed their babies in the early weeks - every 2-3 hours, 8-12 times in a 24 hour period, etc.  It can be confusing to know what this means exactly - is it every 2 hours or every 3 hours?  What if the baby goes longer than 3 hours?  What if the baby seems hungry before 2 hours?  In this post, we’ll break down the differences between on-demand and scheduled feeding to help you decide what works best for you and your baby.

ABOUT SDBFC

The San Diego Breastfeeding Center was established in 2009 by Robin Kaplan, International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, Functional Nutritionist, and parent.  Her vision was to create a judgment-free, inclusive support system for families navigating infant feeding challenges. 

SDBFC offers a wide range of one-on-one breastfeeding, infant feeding, and nutrition consultations - as well as classes, support groups, online articles, and social media - making it your one-stop-shop for all things infant feeding!

On-Demand vs Scheduled Feedings

What’s the difference between demand feeding and scheduled feeding?

Demand feeding, or on-cue feeding, involves feeding a baby whenever they show signs of hunger, like rooting, sucking on their hands, or fussing. 

Scheduled feeding means feeding a baby at set intervals, like every 3 hours, regardless of hunger cues.

What Does On-Demand Breastfeeding Look Like?

• Babies regulate their own intake: Babies feed as often and as much as they need to support their growth and development.  Some feedings can last 10 minutes.  Others can last 45+ minutes.

• Babies are fed when they show common hunger cues: For the first few months, your infant will show you they are hungry by licking their lips, sticking out their tongue, rooting around, and sucking on their hands, etc.  Crying can also be a hunger cue.  

• Babies show signs when they’ve had enough: When a baby is done with a feeding, they may unlatch themselves and not try to relatch or fall asleep while nursing and seem content when the parent unlatches them.  

Benefits of On-Demand Breastfeeding

• Optimizes milk supply: In the immediate days following birth, putting a baby to chest/breast at any and all hunger cues is excellent for bringing in a robust milk supply.  Mammary glands make milk in response to the frequency of suckling. The more a baby nurses, the more milk a parent produces. If a baby suckles less frequently, milk production slows. Frequent feedings during growth spurts also boosts milk production.

• Ensures proper infant growth: Parents have different storage capacities in their chest/breasts and all babies take in different amounts - even the same baby will take differing amounts throughout a day.  On-demand feeding optimizes the baby’s ability to take in the amount of milk they need within a 24 hour period, rather than the same amount every feeding session.

• Bonding opportunities galore: Feeding on demand allows for more skin-to-skin contact and closeness between parent and baby, as infants tend to settle more easily when held.  Plus, infants smell delicious, which helps parents release oxytocin (aka the love hormone!)

What Does Scheduled Breastfeeding Look Like?

• Fixed feeding intervals: In scheduled breastfeeding, parents feed their baby at set intervals, such as every 3 hours, regardless of whether the baby shows hunger cues. 

• Limited feeding duration: Some parents may set specific feeding times, like feeding for 15 minutes on each side.

• Structured daily routines: Scheduled feeding often fits into a structured daily routine, like feeding before naps or bedtime to establish predictable eating and sleeping patterns. 

Benefits of Scheduled Breastfeeding

• Sleepy newborns don’t always wake for feeding sessions: Some infants are very tired for the first few weeks and may not wake up on their own to feed 8+ times in 24 hours.  To help babies get back to birth weight by 2 weeks old, we recommend that parents wake their infants to feed at least every 3 hours during the day and at least every 4 hours at night for the first few weeks.  If your baby wants to feed more frequently, go for it!

• Helps manage triple feeding: Triple feedings is when a parent is chest/breastfeeding, supplementing, and pumping. This is most common for babies born prematurely, babies with jaundice, babies with tongue ties, and babies who are having a difficult time gaining weight.  Ineffective and infrequent feedings can cause slow weight gain and can possibly cause a low milk supply.  Temporarily putting a baby on a feeding schedule can ensure that they are getting enough in a 24 hour period.

What If I’m Feeling Exhausted From On-Demand Breastfeeding?

• Help your baby feed as effectively as possible: If your baby is feeding frequently, due to ‘snacking’, try to help your baby take in more milk at each feeding.  Keep your baby alert while breastfeeding by stripping them down to just a diaper, using breast compressions to help your baby get a let down more easily, or switching back and forth between breasts (switch nursing) when your baby’s swallows start to slow down.  Also, if using a nipple shield, see if removing it helps your baby take in more milk per feeding.

• Prioritize rest when possible: Try to nap or rest whenever your baby sleeps, even if it’s just for short periods. Sleep is essential, especially during the early weeks when feedings are frequent.  

• Share the load: Ask for help from your partner, family, or friends. They can assist with diaper changes, burping, or soothing your baby after a feed, allowing you more time to rest and recover.  

• Remember that this feeding frequency is temporary: In the early months, babies feed frequently to build up milk supply and ensure proper growth. As your baby gets older, feedings will naturally space out, and you’ll have more flexibility and rest as a result.

So, how do I choose between on-demand feeding and scheduled feedings?

Honestly, it all comes down to what feels best for you and your family.  Remember you can always do a combination of on-demand and scheduled feedings.  It doesn’t have to be all or nothing.  

What should I do if my baby wants to breastfeed constantly? This is a great time to meet with a lactation consultant and we are just a consult away!

If your baby wants to breastfeed constantly(i.e. snacking at feeding sessions), and it is not a temporary growth spurt, this is a great reason to meet with a lactation consultant! Let us help you figure out the root cause and an effective solution.  Book a one-on-one appointment with one of our lactation consultants today for personalized support tailored to you and your baby’s needs.

SDBFC is committed to providing high-quality lactation and functional nutrition consultations to parents in San Diego and beyond. Explore our postpartum, prenatal, and functional nutrition consultations, take a breastfeeding class or attend a workshop.

About the Author

Robin Kaplan has been an IBCLC since 2009, the same year that she opened up the San Diego Breastfeeding Center.  Robin was the founding host of the Boob Group podcast and published her first book, Latch: a Handbook for Breastfeeding with Confidence at Every Stage in 2018.  Melding her passions for supporting lactating parents and holistic health, Robin finished her Functional Nutrition Certification in 2023. In her free time, she enjoys hanging out with her two teenage boys, hiking, traveling, weaving, cooking, and searching for the best chai latte.